(DEFUN NEEDEVAL (E) 
       (COND ((OR (EQ E NIL) (EQ E T) (NUMBERP E)) E)
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'QUOTE) (CADR E))
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'CAR) (CAR (NEEDEVAL (CADR E))))
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'CDR) (CDR (NEEDEVAL (CADR E))))
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'ATOM) (ATOM (NEEDEVAL (CADR E))))
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'NULL) (NULL (NEEDEVAL (CADR E))))
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'CONS)
	      (CONS (NEEDEVAL (CADR E)) (NEEDEVAL (CADDR E))))
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'EQUAL)
	      (EQUAL (NEEDEVAL (CADR E)) (NEEDEVAL (CADDR E))))
	     ((EQ (CAR E) 'COND) (NEEDEVCOND (CDR E)))
	     ((EQ (CAAR E) 'LAMBDA)
	      (NEEDEVAL (SUBLIS2 (PRUP (CADAR E) (CDR E)) (CADDAR E))))
	     ((EQ (CAAR E) 'LABEL)
	      (NEEDEVAL (CONS (SUBST (CAR E) (CADAR E) (CADDAR E))
			      (CDR E)))))) 

(DEFUN PRUP (U V) 
       (COND ((NULL U) NIL)
	     (T (CONS (CONS (CAR U) (CAR V))
		      (PRUP (CDR U) (CDR V)))))) 

(DEFUN NEEDEVCOND (U) 
       (COND ((NEEDEVAL (CAAR U)) (NEEDEVAL (CADAR U)))
	     (T (NEEDEVCOND (CDR U))))) 

(setq f1 '(label alt (lambda (u) (cond ((null u) nil) ((null (cdr u)) u)
(t (cons (car u) (alt (cdr (cdr u)))))))))

(defun sublis2 (a e) (cond ((null a) e)
((atom e) ((lambda (z) (cond ((null z) e) (t (cdr z)))) (assoc e a)))
((eq (car e) 'lambda) (cons 'lambda (sublis2 (strip (cadr e) a) (cdr e))))
(t (cons (sublis2 a (car e)) (sublis2 a (cdr e))))))

(defun strip (e a) (cond ((null a) nil) ((eq (caar a) e) (strip e (cdr a)))
(t (cons (car a) (strip e (cdr a))))))

(defun test (x) (needeval (list f1 (list 'quote x))))